List of Military Bases with Contaminated Water

List of Military Bases with Contaminated Water (by Region)

To make it easier to find the information you need, we’ve divided the US states into six (6) regions.

Each region below contains a list of US states and the military bases within those states where water contamination has been reported:

• Northeast Region
• Northwest Region
• Southeast Region
• Southwest Region
• South Region
• Midwest Region

Northeast Region

The Northeast region has experienced significant PFAS contamination across multiple military installations, with some sites reporting levels exceeding 100,000 parts per trillion.

Environmental Working Group (EWG) investigations have identified numerous bases where firefighting foam usage has led to groundwater contamination.

The Northeast Region includes the following US states:

• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New York
• Ohio
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• Vermont

Connecticut

Connecticut has identified several military sites with confirmed PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Bradley Air National Guard Base (Bradley International Airport): Groundwater testing revealed PFAS concentrations up to 10,580 parts per trillion.
• Windsor Locks Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF): Detected PFAS levels in groundwater reached 4,588 parts per trillion.
• Stone’s Ranch Military Reservation: Drinking water samples indicated PFAS presence at 5 parts per trillion.
• Naval Submarine Base New London: While specific contamination levels are not publicly disclosed, the site is recognized for PFAS presence due to historical AFFF usage.

In response to the widespread contamination, Connecticut has initiated comprehensive testing and remediation efforts.

The state government is actively working to mitigate PFAS exposure risks to protect public health and the environment.

Delaware

Delaware has identified multiple military sites with significant PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

In response to these findings, the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) and the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) have been actively investigating and addressing PFAS releases in the environment.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Dover Air Force Base (DAFB)
• New Castle Air National Guard Base

In 2021, Governor John Carney signed legislation directing the establishment of state-level maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water.

The proposed MCLs are 21 ppt. for PFOA and 14 ppt. for PFOS, with a combined limit of 17 ppt. These standards are expected to be finalized by the fall of 2022.

Maine

Brunswick Naval Air Station represents a major contamination site in the state’s military history.

In August 2023, the base experienced one of the largest PFAS spills in recent history, with over 50,000 gallons of firefighting foam and water mixture being released during maintenance work.

Environmental testing revealed PFOS concentrations ranging from 650 to 24,000 parts per trillion in groundwater samples ranging from 1990 to 2021.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Maine include:

• Bangor Air Guard Training Site
• Loring Air Force Base
• Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
• Cutler Naval Station

The Maine Department of Environmental Protection has initiated a $20 million emergency response program focused on PFAS detection and mitigation across these sites.

Recent legislation now requires mandatory testing of all water systems near military installations.

Maryland

Maryland has identified multiple military sites with significant PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

In response to these findings, the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) is collaborating with the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to assess, remediate, and monitor PFAS contamination at military installations.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Fort Meade: Environmental investigations have detected PFAS compounds in groundwater at this installation.
• Naval Research Laboratory, Chesapeake Beach Detachment: PFAS contamination has been identified in groundwater at this facility.
• Former Navy Bayhead Annex in Annapolis: Groundwater sampling has revealed the presence of PFAS compounds at this site.
• Joint Base Andrews: Investigations are ongoing to assess PFAS contamination levels in groundwater and nearby water bodies.

MDE has initiated a comprehensive plan focused on understanding, communicating, and reducing PFAS-related risks through sampling, science, and assessment.

Additionally, MDE is developing a GIS-based map to identify potential PFAS sources and prioritize water sources for sampling.

Massachusetts

Westover Air Reserve Base has been identified as a significant source of PFAS contamination in the region.

Environmental testing conducted between 2015 and 2021 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples.

The former Naval Air Station South Weymouth is currently undergoing extensive remediation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of Massachusetts include:

• Hanscom Air Force Base
• Fort Devens
• Otis Air National Guard Base
• Camp Edwards
• Barnes Air National Guard Base

Massachusetts has implemented the nation’s first PFAS cleanup standards specifically for military sites, requiring treatment when levels exceed 20 parts per trillion.

The state has allocated $30 million for water treatment infrastructure and initiated a comprehensive health monitoring program for affected communities.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire has faced significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas.

The state has been proactive in addressing these concerns and implementing measures to protect public health.

Pease Air Force Base, located in Portsmouth, has been a major focus of PFAS contamination efforts in New Hampshire.

In 2014, testing revealed PFAS levels in one of the base’s wells at 2,500 parts per trillion, far exceeding the EPA’s health advisory levels.

The contamination at Pease Air Force Base has affected not only the immediate area but also nearby communities.

Other contaminated sites within the state of New Hampshire include:

• New Boston Air Force Station
• Hanscom Field Air Force Base (partially located in New Hampshire)
• Former Pease Air Force Base (now Pease International Tradeport)

The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services has been working closely with the U.S. Air Force to implement cleanup and remediation strategies at Pease and other affected sites.

This includes ongoing groundwater treatment, soil removal, and long-term monitoring programs.

The state’s proactive approach to PFAS contamination has made it a leader in addressing this environmental challenge, with its efforts serving as a model for other states in the Northeast Region and beyond.

New Jersey

New Jersey has identified multiple military sites with significant PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst: Environmental testing in 2016 revealed combined PFOS and PFOA levels in groundwater as high as 264,300 parts per trillion (ppt), significantly exceeding the EPA’s health advisory limit of 70 ppt.
• Former Naval Air Warfare Center Trenton: Testing in 2018 found PFOS and PFOA concentrations in groundwater up to 27,800 ppt, surpassing federal health advisory levels.
• Fort Dix: Investigations have linked PFAS contamination to the historical use of AFFF during firefighting training exercises.

In response to these findings, New Jersey has implemented some of the nation’s strictest standards for PFAS in drinking water, setting maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) at 13 ppt for PFOS and 14 ppt for PFOA.

Additionally, the state has filed lawsuits against the federal government, seeking to compel the investigation and cleanup of PFAS contamination at military facilities.

New York

Fort Drum, located in Jefferson County, has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in New York.

In 2019, it was among 90 Army installations nationwide found to have substantial quantities of PFAS chemicals in its water.

The contamination at Fort Drum is believed to stem from the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) for firefighting and training purposes.

Other military sites in New York with known or suspected PFAS contamination include:

• Gabreski Air National Guard Base
• Hancock Field Air National Guard Base
• Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station
• Plattsburgh Air Force Base (closed)
• Seneca Army Depot (closed)

In response to the widespread contamination, New York State has implemented stringent measures to address PFAS pollution.

The state has established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water at 10 parts per trillion, which is more rigorous than the federal advisory level.

Additionally, the state has allocated funds to assist affected communities in upgrading water treatment systems to remove PFAS contaminants.

Ohio

Ohio has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Ohio.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples.

In 2022, the Ohio EPA reported that PFAS contamination had been detected in at least 6% of Ohio’s public water systems, affecting approximately 1.8 million residents.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Ohio include:

• Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base
• Toledo Express Airport
• Mansfield Lahm Air National Guard Base
• Youngstown Air Reserve Station

The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2019, Ohio EPA launched a comprehensive PFAS Action Plan to identify the extent of PFAS contamination in Ohio’s drinking water.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania has identified multiple military sites with significant PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Naval Air Warfare Center Warminster
• Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove
• Letterkenny Army Depot
• Pittsburgh Air Reserve Station

In response to these findings, Pennsylvania has initiated several measures to address PFAS contamination.

The state has developed a PFAS Action Team to investigate and manage contamination sources.

Additionally, Pennsylvania is working on establishing maximum contaminant levels for PFAS in drinking water to protect public health.

Rhode Island

Rhode Island has been actively addressing PFAS contamination concerns in recent years, with efforts focused on identifying major sources and implementing protective measures for public health.

In November 2023, the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) released a comprehensive 200-page draft report detailing the primary sources of PFAS contamination in the state.

This investigation was part of a suite of actions required by state law passed in 2022 to respond to the growing number of PFAS detected in drinking water supplies.

These measures aim to mitigate PFAS exposure risks and protect public health and the environment.

Naval Station Newport has been singled out as one of the largest Superfund sites in Rhode Island, with a 2.5 million gallon, partially underground tank farm and fire suppression system identified as the main source of PFAS contamination on the base.

Other significant contamination sites include:

• Former Quonset Naval Air Station
• Charlestown Auxiliary Landing Field
• Central Landfill in Johnston
• Rose Hill Regional Landfill in South Kingstown
• Landfill Resource and Recovery in North Smithfield
• Picillo Pig Farm in Coventry

Rhode Island’s proactive approach includes increasing its testing and monitoring program for PFAS to include private well sampling, testing biosolids from wastewater facilities, and surface waters that receive wastewater discharges.

The state’s efforts to address PFAS contamination demonstrate a commitment to protecting public health and the environment, positioning Rhode Island as a leader in tackling this emerging environmental challenge.

Vermont

Burlington International Airport presents one of the most severe cases of PFAS contamination in the region.

Between 1970 and 2018, regular use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting training exercises led to extensive groundwater contamination.

A significant incident occurred in 2018 when an 800-gallon AFFF spill by the Vermont Air National Guard resulted in groundwater contamination levels reaching 72,000 parts per trillion.

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of Vermont include:

• Camp Ethan Allen
• Chittenden County National Guard Base
• Burlington International Airport
• Burlington Air National Guard Base

Remediation efforts within the state include plans to install a new water treatment system and the removal of contaminated soil.

The region’s dense population and reliance on groundwater sources have made contamination particularly concerning for public health.

Northwest Region

The Northwest region has experienced significant PFAS contamination across multiple military installations, with some sites reporting levels reaching up to 560,000 parts per trillion.

Environmental Working Group (EWG) investigations have identified numerous bases where firefighting foam usage has led to groundwater contamination.

The Northwest Region includes the following US states:

• Alaska
• Idaho
• Montana
• Oregon
• Washington
• Wyoming

Alaska

Alaska has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and airports across the state.

The widespread use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) for firefighting and training purposes has led to extensive contamination of soil and groundwater in various locations.

Eielson Air Force Base represents a major contamination site in the state, with groundwater testing revealing PFAS levels of 334,200 parts per trillion (ppt), far exceeding EPA health advisory levels.

At Galena Air Force Base, PFOA and PFOS levels in groundwater reached 253,000 and 14,800 ppt respectively.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Alaska include:

• Eareckson Air Force Base
• Fort Wainwright
• Fairbanks International Airport
• King Salmon Airport

The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) established cleanup levels for PFOS and PFOA in 2016.

In April 2021, the state filed a lawsuit against PFAS manufacturers, alleging they produced PFAS-containing products while knowing the potential risks.

The Air Force has launched a large-scale soil washing effort at Eielson Air Force Base to remove PFAS pollutants, using innovative technology to separate soil fractions and reduce PFAS concentrations.

The Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities is conducting a comprehensive evaluation of PFAS contamination at state-owned properties.

Idaho

Idaho has been addressing PFAS contamination concerns, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Mountain Home Air Force Base has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Idaho.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2023 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples.

The Department of Defense performed assessments at Mountain Home Air Force Base, Gowen Field Boise/Airport Training Area, and Orchard MATES Boise.

Of these three facilities, detections were found at Mountain Home Air Force Base and Gowen Field Boise/Airport Training Area.

Other potentially contaminated sites within the state of Idaho include:

• Gowen Field Boise/Airport Training Area
• Orchard MATES Boise

The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2020, DEQ received federal grant funds to evaluate the potential presence of PFAS in Idaho’s public drinking water systems.

Montana

Montana has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and airports across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Malmstrom Air Force Base near Great Falls has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Montana.

Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base and surrounding areas.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Montana include:

• Montana Air National Guard Base in Great Falls
• Billings Logan International Airport
• Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport

The Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, DEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Montana.

Oregon

Oregon has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and airports across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at several sites.

Portland Air National Guard Base has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Oregon.

Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base and surrounding areas.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Oregon include:

• Kingsley Field Air National Guard Base
• Eugene Airport
• Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport

The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2019, DEQ initiated a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in drinking water systems across Oregon.

Washington

Fairchild Air Force Base emerges as a critical contamination site, where decades of firefighting foam use has resulted in widespread groundwater pollution.

Environmental testing between 2017 and 2023 revealed PFAS concentrations in groundwater wells reaching up to 560,000 parts per trillion, affecting drinking water sources in multiple surrounding communities.

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of Washington include:

• Joint Base Lewis-McChord
• Naval Air Station Whidbey Island
• Montesano Armory
• Fort Lewis
• McChord Air Force Base
• Yakima Training Center

Washington state has enacted strict PFAS regulations, requiring mandatory testing of all water systems near military installations and implementing a $45 million program for advanced filtration systems at affected bases.

Wyoming

Wyoming has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and airports across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at several sites.

F.E. Warren Air Force Base, located west of Cheyenne, has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Wyoming.

The military discovered soil and groundwater contamination at the base in the 1980s, and cleanup efforts are ongoing to address the remaining contamination.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Wyoming include:

• Cheyenne Municipal Airport
• Camp Guernsey
• Wyoming Air National Guard Base

The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, DEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Wyoming.

Southeast Region

The Southeast region has multiple military installations, that report some of the highest PFAS contamination levels nationwide.

Environmental Working Group investigations have identified over 200 contaminated sites across the southeastern states, with particular concerns in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama.

The region’s unique geological features, including high water tables and porous limestone formations, have contributed to the rapid spread of contamination beyond base boundaries.

The Southeast Region includes the following US states:

• Alabama
• Florida
• Georgia
• Kentucky
• Mississippi
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Tennessee
• Virginia
• West Virginia

Alabama

Fort Novosel (formerly Fort Rucker) has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Alabama.

The base is among nine Army installations selected for a joint EPA-Army sampling project to identify PFAS contamination in private drinking water wells near military sites

Other contaminated military sites in Alabama include:

• Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base
• Anniston Army Depot
• Redstone Arsenal

Alabama’s waterways have also shown concerning levels of PFAS contamination.

Samples collected from Neely Henry Lake on the Coosa River, a major drinking water source for many communities, had the highest PFAS concentrations in the state.

The widespread presence of PFAS in Alabama’s water sources continues to pose risks to public health and the environment.

Florida

Patrick Air Force Base stands as one of the most severely contaminated military installations in the United States.

Testing conducted between 2017 and 2023 revealed groundwater PFAS concentrations exceeding 2 million parts per trillion, ranking it among the Department of Defense’s “Filthy Fifty” most contaminated sites.

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection has documented extensive contamination spreading into the Indian River Lagoon, with Naval Air Station Jacksonville and Naval Air Station Pensacola also reporting significant PFAS levels in groundwater monitoring wells, highlighting the serious concerns regarding PFAS-contaminated water.

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of Florida include:

• Camp Blanding
• Eglin Air Force Base
• Hurlburt Field Air Force Base
• Jacksonville International Airport
• MacDill Air Force Base
• Marianna Readiness Center
• Naval Air Station Pensacola (Saufley Field)
• Ocala Readiness Center
• Tyndall Air Force Base

In response to these findings, Florida has implemented a comprehensive PFAS Action Plan, including a $25 million investment in advanced water treatment systems and the establishment of stringent state-level Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for PFAS compounds at 70 parts per trillion.

Georgia

Robins Air Force Base represents a significant contamination site, where decades of firefighting foam use has led to extensive groundwater pollution.

Recent testing at Georgia’s three major air bases revealed PFAS levels in groundwater wells reaching up to 375,000 parts per trillion at some locations, with contamination extending beyond base boundaries into surrounding communities.

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of Georgia include:

• Air Force Plant 6
• Camp Frank D. Merrill
• Dobbins Air Force Base
• Fort Gordon and Fort Gordon – Gillem Annex
• Fort Moore (formerly Fort Benning)
• Fort Stewart
• Fort Stewart-Hunter Army Airfield
• Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay

Georgia has initiated a multi-phase PFAS Investigation Program, allocating $15 million for immediate remediation efforts and requiring quarterly testing of all drinking water sources within a five-mile radius of identified contamination sites.

Kentucky

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Fort Campbell has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Kentucky.

According to recent investigations, PFOA levels were measured at 550 times higher than the EPA’s threshold, and PFOS levels were 925 times higher than the standard.

The combined PFOA and PFOS levels were 1,475 times above the EPA’s limit.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Kentucky include:

• Blue Grass Army Depot
• Fort Knox
• Louisville Water Company

The Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2021, DEP completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at 1,428 entry points to the distribution system representing 1,749 community water supplies across Kentucky.

Mississippi

Columbus Air Force Base has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Mississippi.

Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Mississippi include:

• Naval Air Station Meridian
• Keesler Air Force Base
• Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center

The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, MDEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Mississippi.

North Carolina

North Carolina has identified multiple military sites with significant PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune: Environmental testing revealed PFOS concentrations in groundwater up to 172,748 parts per trillion (ppt) and PFOA levels reaching 25,000 ppt, significantly exceeding the EPA’s health advisory limit of 70 ppt.
• Fort Bragg: Publicly available water test data indicates PFAS levels exceeding 1 ppt at this installation.
• Seymour Johnson Air Force Base: Identified by the Department of Defense as a site with known or suspected PFAS discharges.

In response to these findings, the Department of Defense is conducting extensive testing and remediation efforts at these installations to address PFAS contamination.

Additionally, North Carolina is advancing plans to reduce PFAS in surface waters through monitoring and minimization efforts, aiming to curb pollution and lower cleanup costs for utilities and ratepayers.

South Carolina

South Carolina has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Joint Base Charleston has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in South Carolina.

Testing of a stream draining from the runway revealed PFAS levels of 2,997.6 parts per trillion, far exceeding EPA health advisory levels.

The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) completed a statewide investigation in 2021, revealing PFAS contamination in nearly every surface water source in the state.

Other contaminated sites within the state of South Carolina include:

• Fort Jackson
• Shaw Air Force Base
• Myrtle Beach Air Force Base
• Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort

Recent testing has detected PFAS in several water systems across the state, including in the Broad, Catawba, and Edisto River basins.

Tennessee

Tennessee has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues across the state, affecting both military installations and civilian areas.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Contaminated sites within the state of Tennessee include:

• Arnold Air Force Base
• Fort Campbell
• Holston Army Ammunition Plant
• Berry Field Air National Guard Base in Nashville
• McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base in Knoxville

The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) completed a statewide sampling initiative in October 2023 to test all public drinking water sources for 29 PFAS compounds.

The widespread presence of PFAS in Tennessee’s water sources continues to pose risks to public health and the environment.

Virginia

Virginia has identified multiple military sites with significant PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Joint Base Langley-Eustis: Environmental testing in 2018 revealed combined PFOS and PFOA concentrations in groundwater as high as 2,225,000 parts per trillion (ppt), significantly exceeding the EPA’s health advisory limit of 70 ppt.
• Naval Air Station Oceana: Groundwater sampling detected PFOS and PFOA levels up to 493,600 ppt.
• Fentress Naval Auxiliary Landing Field: Testing identified PFOS and PFOA concentrations in groundwater reaching 52,900 ppt.
• Norfolk Naval Station: Groundwater samples revealed PFOS and PFOA levels up to 3,373 ppt.

In response to these findings, the Department of Defense has initiated investigations and remediation efforts at these installations to address PFAS contamination.

The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality is collaborating with federal agencies to monitor and manage PFAS levels, aiming to mitigate exposure risks and protect public health and the environment.

West Virginia

West Virginia has identified multiple military sites with significant PFAS contamination, primarily due to the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in firefighting activities.

Notable contaminated sites include:

• Camp Dawson Army Training Site: Located in Preston County, environmental investigations have confirmed PFAS contamination in groundwater and nearby water bodies due to historical AFFF use.
• West Virginia National Guard Aviation Support Facility: Testing has revealed PFAS levels in soil and groundwater exceeding federal health advisory limits.
• Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area: Near a former military training area, this site has shown evidence of PFAS leaching into surface water.

In response to these findings, West Virginia has taken significant steps to address PFAS contamination.

The West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) is collaborating with the U.S. Department of Defense to monitor and remediate contamination at affected sites.

The state has also launched initiatives to regulate PFAS in drinking water, with plans to establish state-specific maximum contaminant levels (MCLs).

Southwest Region

The Southwest region contains some of the most extensively contaminated military sites in the nation, with California alone hosting over 60 installations requiring PFAS assessment and remediation.

Environmental Working Group investigations have documented particularly high contamination levels at air force bases and naval facilities along the Pacific coast.

Unique geological features of the western states, including aquifer systems and arid conditions, have created additional challenges for containment and cleanup efforts.

The Southwest Region includes the following US states:

• Arizona
• California
• Colorado
• Hawaii
• Nevada
• New Mexico
• Utah

Arizona

The Tucson International Airport Area Superfund site represents a major contamination area in the state, encompassing about 10 square miles beneath the airport, Air Force Plant #44, and the Morris National Air Guard base.

Environmental testing conducted between 2016 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels of up to 5,300 times beyond the drinkable limit in groundwater samples.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Arizona include:

• Davis-Monthan Air Force Base
• Yuma Proving Ground
• Silverbell Army Heliport
• Camp Navajo
• Fort Huachuca
• Camp Florence
• Buckeye Training Site
• Picacho Aviation Training Site

The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2018, ADEQ developed and conducted a PFAS screening program for public water systems with wells near areas of potential frequent PFAS use.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Safe Drinking Water Act emergency order in May 2024 to the U.S. Air Force and Arizona Air National Guard regarding the Tucson International Airport Superfund Site.

California

Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake represents one of the most contaminated military installations in the country, with over 200 individual sites targeted for remediation across its 1,700 square mile expanse.

Testing at McClellan Air Force Base has identified 326 distinct waste areas of both known and suspected contamination, with PFAS levels in groundwater exceeding federal safety standards by several orders of magnitude.

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of California include:

• Beale Air Force Base
• Edwards Air Force Base
• Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
• Travis Air Force Base
• March Air Force Base
• Mather Air Force Base
• Norton Air Force Base
• Naval Base San Diego
• Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
• Alameda Naval Air Station

The California State Water Resources Control Board has reported that 62 military facilities in the state are known to or suspected to have released PFAS into water supplies, affecting both on-base personnel and surrounding communities.

California has also implemented a comprehensive PFAS investigation program, including a $89 million allocation for water treatment infrastructure and the nation’s most stringent testing requirements for military installations.

Colorado

Colorado has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Peterson Space Force Base, located in Colorado Springs, has been identified as a major source of PFAS contamination in the region.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2023 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples.

According to Department of Defense data, more than 100 wells near Peterson Space Force Base contain PFAS levels higher than the EPA’s safety standard, including dozens of wells with levels 75 times higher than what is considered safe.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Colorado include:

• Buckley Air Force Base
• Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs
• Schriever Space Force Base
• Fort Carson

The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2018, CDPHE developed and conducted a PFAS screening program for public water systems with wells near areas of potential frequent PFAS use.

Hawaii

Hawaii has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam and Marine Corps Base Hawaii have been identified as major sites of PFAS contamination in Hawaii.

The Navy has identified 32 sites of known or potential PFAS contamination at the base, with 20 of these sites recommended for further investigation.

In November 2022, a significant incident occurred when 1,300 gallons of PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) concentrate was accidentally released from a pipe in a tunnel at the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Hawaii include:

• Dillingham Military Reservation
• Kahuku Training Area
• Fort Ruger
• Hilo Army Aviation Support Facility

The Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination. In 2018, DOH developed and conducted a PFAS screening program for public water systems with wells near areas of potential frequent PFAS use.

Recent testing has detected PFAS in the Navy’s water system at homes in Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, raising concerns about further unseen contamination.

Nevada

Nevada has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and airports across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at several sites.

Nellis Air Force Base near Las Vegas has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Nevada.

Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base and surrounding areas.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Nevada include:

• Creech Air Force Base
• Naval Air Station Fallon
• Reno-Tahoe International Airport

The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, NDEP completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Nevada.

New Mexico

New Mexico has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations across the state.

Cannon Air Force Base and Holloman Air Force Base have been identified as major sites of PFAS contamination in New Mexico.

Environmental testing conducted between 2018 and 2023 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at these bases.

At Cannon Air Force Base, PFAS levels in groundwater were found to be 371 times higher than federal health advisory levels.

At Holloman Air Force Base, levels were detected at 1,294 times above the advisory level.

Other contaminated sites within the state of New Mexico include:

• Kirtland Air Force Base
• White Sands Missile Range
• Melrose Air Force Range

The New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2019, NMED filed a complaint against the U.S. Air Force for PFAS contamination at Cannon and Holloman Air Force Bases.

Utah

Utah has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

In March 2024, the Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities (SLCDPU) announced that PFAS were detected in two of its groundwater wells, though these wells are not currently contributing to the drinking water system.

Contaminated sites within the state of Utah include:

• Hill Air Force Base
• Camp Williams
• Salt Lake City International Airport
• Tooele Army Depot

The Utah Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2021, DEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Utah.

South Region

The South region has experienced significant PFAS contamination across multiple military installations, with some sites reporting levels reaching up to 767,000 parts per trillion.

Environmental Working Group (EWG) investigations have identified numerous bases where firefighting foam usage has led to groundwater contamination.

The South Region includes the following US states:

• Arkansas
• Louisiana
• Oklahoma
• Texas

Arkansas

Arkansas has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations across the state.

The widespread use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) for firefighting and training purposes has led to extensive contamination of soil and groundwater in various locations.

Environmental testing conducted between 2016 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Contaminated sites within the state of Arkansas include:

• Eaker Air Force Base (BRAC site) in Blytheville
• Little Rock Air Force Base in Jacksonville
• Arkansas Air National Guard Base in Fort Smith
• Ebbing Air National Guard Base at Fort Smith

The Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2018, ADEQ developed and conducted a PFAS screening program for public water systems with wells near areas of potential frequent PFAS use.

Attorney General Tim Griffin has initiated legal actions against PFAS manufacturers like 3M and DuPont, aiming to hold them accountable for the environmental and health damages caused by PFAS chemicals.

The state has allocated nearly $200 million to address emerging contaminants in drinking water, including PFAS, as part of a federal initiative announced in March 2023.

Arkansas has implemented legislation addressing the use of PFAS chemicals in firefighting foam through Act 315 of 2021.

Louisiana

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

England Air Force Base represents one of the most severe cases of PFAS contamination in the state.

In 2016, testing revealed PFHxS levels of 20.7 million parts per trillion, the highest known detection at any military site in the country.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Louisiana include:

• Barksdale Air Force Base
• Camp Minden
• Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans

The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, LDEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Louisiana.

Oklahoma

Oklahoma has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at several sites.

Tinker Air Force Base near Oklahoma City has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Oklahoma.

Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base and surrounding areas.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Oklahoma include:

• Altus Air Force Base
• Vance Air Force Base
• Will Rogers Air National Guard Base

The Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, ODEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Oklahoma.

Texas

Texas has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Joint Base San Antonio represents one of the most severe cases of PFAS contamination in the state.

In 2018, testing revealed PFAS levels of 767,000 parts per trillion in the base’s drinking water, far exceeding EPA health advisory levels.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Texas include:

• Dyess Air Force Base
• Laughlin Air Force Base
• Sheppard Air Force Base
• Fort Hood
• Fort Bliss
• Goodfellow Air Force Base

The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, TCEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Texas.

Midwest Region

The Midwest region contains some of the most extensively contaminated military installations in the United States, with particular concerns centered around bases in Michigan and Wisconsin.

Testing by the Environmental Working Group has identified more than 100 contaminated sites across the Midwest, with some locations reporting PFAS levels hundreds of times above federal safety limits.

High water tables and extensive groundwater systems throughout the region have facilitated the spread of contamination into surrounding communities’ drinking water supplies.

The Midwest Region includes the following US states:

• Illinois
• Indiana
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Missouri
• Nebraska
• North Dakota
• South Dakota
• Wisconsin

Illinois

Scott Air Force Base has been identified as a major source of PFAS contamination in the region.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2023 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples.

According to the Environmental Working Group, PFOS levels at Scott Air Force Base are 20,250 times higher than the EPA’s standard, while PFOA levels are 15,500 times higher.

The combined PFOS and PFOA levels are 26,000 times above the EPA’s threshold.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Illinois include:

• Chanute Air Force Base
• Peoria International Airport
• Rock Island Arsenal
• Naval Station Great Lakes
• Crest Hill

The Illinois Department of Environmental Quality (IDEQ) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2021, IDEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at 1,428 entry points to the distribution system representing 1,749 community water supplies across Illinois.

Indiana

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2023 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

At Shelbyville Army Aviation Support Facility, soil samples taken in 2022 contained concentrations of PFOS as high as 2,680,000 parts per trillion – 670,000 times higher than the proposed federal maximum contaminant level of 4 ppt.

Grissom Air Reserve Base and Fort Benjamin Harrison have also been identified as contaminated sites, with elevated levels of PFAS detected in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater near fire training areas, fire stations, and hangars.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Indiana include:

• Camp Atterbury/Range 36 ATG
• Hulman Field Air National Guard Base
• Jefferson Proving Ground
• Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane

The Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2021, IDEM completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at 1,428 entry points to the distribution system representing 1,749 community water supplies across Indiana.

Iowa

Iowa has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

At the Iowa Air National Guard base in Des Moines, groundwater contamination was found to be nearly 200 times the federal government’s health advisory level.

Contaminated sites within the state of Iowa include:

• Iowa Air National Guard bases in Des Moines and Sioux City
• Iowa Army Ammunition Plant in Southeast Iowa
• Camp Dodge JFHQ
• Sioux City Airport

The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2021, the DNR completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at 1,428 entry points to the distribution system representing 1,749 community water supplies across Iowa.

Kansas

Kansas has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations across the state.

Fort Riley has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Kansas.

Environmental testing conducted in 2020 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at nine locations on the base.

In July 2023, sampling of finished drinking water at Fort Riley indicated levels of PFOS/PFOA of 3.8 parts per trillion, which is below the new enforceable maximum contaminant level of 4 parts per trillion but above the goal of zero.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Kansas include:

• McConnell Air Force Base near Wichita
• Kansas Air National Guard bases

The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2016, KDHE developed a statewide inventory and prioritization of potential PFAS sources

Despite these efforts, challenges remain.

The widespread presence of PFAS in Kansas’s water sources continues to pose risks to public health and the environment.

Ongoing monitoring, remediation efforts, and implementation of stricter regulations will be crucial in addressing this persistent environmental issue in Kansas.

Michigan

Wurtsmith Air Force Base emerges as one of the most severely contaminated sites in the Midwest region.

Environmental testing between 2010 and 2023 revealed PFAS concentrations in groundwater reaching 213,000 parts per trillion, prompting extensive monitoring of neighboring communities’ water supplies.

The Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy has identified significant contamination at multiple bases, with Selfridge Air National Guard Base and K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base showing particularly high PFAS levels.

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of Michigan include:

• Alpena County Regional Airport
• Battle Creek Air National Guard Base
• Belmont Armory
• Camp Grayling
• Detroit Arsenal
• Grand Ledge Army Aviation Support
• Jackson Readiness Center
• Lansing Airport Hangar
• MTC-H Camp Grayling-MATES

In response to widespread contamination, Michigan has implemented the nation’s strictest PFAS drinking water standards and allocated $55 million for remediation efforts across military installations.

Minnesota

The 3M Company’s production facilities in Cottage Grove, Woodbury, and Oakdale have been identified as major sources of PFAS contamination in the region.

For decades, 3M disposed of PFAS-containing waste in these areas, leading to extensive groundwater contamination.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

In February 2018, the state reached an $850 million settlement with 3M to address PFAS contamination in the east metro area.

This settlement is being used to fund drinking water and natural resource projects in the affected communities.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Minnesota include:

• Duluth International Airport
• Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport
• Bemidji Regional Airport
• Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant in Fridley

The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) have been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2021, MPCA completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in surface waters across Minnesota.

Missouri

Missouri has been grappling with significant PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels significantly above the EPA’s health advisory limits in both groundwater and soil samples at several sites.

Whiteman Air Force Base has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Missouri. Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base and surrounding areas.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Missouri include:

• Fort Leonard Wood
• Lambert St. Louis International Airport
• Missouri Air National Guard Base in St. Joseph

The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has been proactive in addressing PFAS contamination.

In 2021, DNR completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Missouri.

Nebraska

Nebraska has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and airports across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at several sites.

Offutt Air Force Base near Omaha has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in Nebraska.

Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base and surrounding areas.

Other contaminated sites within the state of Nebraska include:

• Lincoln Airport
• Sioux City Airport (partially located in Nebraska)
• Nebraska National Guard Camp Ashland Training Site

The Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy (NDEE) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, NDEE completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across Nebraska.

North Dakota

North Dakota has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at several sites.

Grand Forks Air Force Base has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in North Dakota.

Testing has shown elevated levels of PFAS in groundwater samples collected from the base and surrounding areas.

Other contaminated sites within the state of North Dakota include:

• Minot Air Force Base
• Hector International Airport in Fargo
• North Dakota Air National Guard Base in Fargo

The North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality (NDDEQ) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2021, NDDEQ completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across North Dakota.

South Dakota

South Dakota has been addressing PFAS contamination issues, particularly at military installations and surrounding areas across the state.

Environmental testing conducted between 2021 and 2024 revealed PFAS levels above the EPA’s health advisory limits in groundwater samples at several sites.

Ellsworth Air Force Base has been identified as a major site of PFAS contamination in South Dakota. Studies have linked PFAS chemicals to testicular cancer among service members and surrounding civilians.

The South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has been working to address PFAS contamination.

In 2020, DENR completed a statewide investigation into the prevalence and occurrence of PFAS in finished water at community water supplies across South Dakota.

Other potentially contaminated sites within the state of South Dakota include:

• Box Elder
• Rapid City
• Sioux Falls

Recent testing has detected PFAS in several water systems across the state, including in rural communities.

The presence of PFAS in South Dakota’s water sources continues to pose risks to public health and the environment.

Wisconsin

Truax Field Air National Guard Base represents a major contamination site, where decades of firefighting foam use have severely impacted local groundwater.

Recent environmental assessments revealed PFAS levels in groundwater wells reaching up to 120,000 parts per trillion at multiple testing sites, with contamination affecting drinking water sources in Madison and surrounding communities.

In addition to these military bases, other contaminated sites within the state of Wisconsin include:

• Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport
• Fort McCoy
• West Bend Armory
• General Mitchell Air Reserve Station
• Volk Field Air National Guard Base

Wisconsin has launched a comprehensive PFAS Action Plan, investing $20 million in water treatment infrastructure and requiring extensive groundwater monitoring around all military installations.

Learn more

TruLaw: Accepting Clients with PFAS Water Contamination Lawsuit Claims

PFAS water contamination lawsuit claims are being filed by individuals and communities across the country who have been exposed to toxic PFAS chemicals in their drinking water.

TruLaw is currently accepting clients with PFAS water contamination lawsuit claims.

A few reasons to choose TruLaw for your PFAS water contamination lawsuit include:

• If We Don’t Win, You Don’t Pay: The PFAS lawyers at TruLaw and our partner firms operate on a contingency fee basis, meaning we only get paid if you win.
• Expertise: We have years of experience handling environmental contamination cases similar to the PFAS water contamination lawsuits, which helps us anticipate what we can expect to see in your case and the regulations we will be required to meet.
• Successful Track Record: TruLaw and our partner law firms have helped our clients recover billions of dollars in compensation through verdicts and negotiated settlements.

If you or your community has been exposed to PFAS chemicals in your drinking water, you may be eligible to seek compensation.

Contact TruLaw using the chat on this page to receive an instant case evaluation that can determine if you qualify to join others in filing a PFAS water contamination lawsuit claim today.

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