PFAS in Firefighting Gear: What You Need to Know

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Jessica Paluch-Hoerman

Attorney Jessica Paluch-Hoerman, founder of TruLaw, has over 28 years of experience as a personal injury and mass tort attorney, and previously worked as an international tax attorney at Deloitte. Jessie collaborates with attorneys nationwide — enabling her to share reliable, up-to-date legal information with our readers.

This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy and clarity by the team of writers and legal experts at TruLaw and is as accurate as possible. This content should not be taken as legal advice from an attorney. If you would like to learn more about our owner and experienced injury lawyer, Jessie Paluch, you can do so here.

TruLaw does everything possible to make sure the information in this article is up to date and accurate. If you need specific legal advice about your case, contact us by using the chat on the bottom of this page. This article should not be taken as advice from an attorney.

Key takeaways:

  • Firefighters face significant health risks due to PFAS exposure from their protective gear, including increased risk of various cancers, suppressed immune function, hormone disruption, and elevated cholesterol.
  • Efforts to remove PFAS from firefighting gear have been unsuccessful, highlighting the need for continued advocacy, collaboration with regulatory bodies, and the development of safer alternatives that meet necessary safety standards.
  • Firefighters can take preventative measures to reduce their exposure to PFAS, such as only wearing turnout gear when essential, treating PPE with respect, keeping gear separate from living areas, and washing gear before wearing it.

Overview of PFAS in Firefighting Gear

On this page, we’ll discuss the presence of PFAS in firefighting gear, health risks associated with PFAS in firefighting gear for firefighters, steps being taken to address PFAS-contaminated firefighting gear and much more.

PFAS in Firefighting Gear What You Need to Know

Intro to PFAS in Firefighting Gear

The key concerns surrounding PFAS in firefighting gear include, but are not limited to:

  • Presence of PFAS: Many firefighting gear and equipment, such as turnout gear and firefighting foam, have been found to contain PFAS chemicals.
  • Health Risks: Exposure to PFAS has been linked to various health issues, including certain cancers, immune system dysfunction, and endocrine disruption.
  • Occupational Exposure: Firefighters face a higher risk of PFAS exposure due to frequent contact with PFAS-containing gear and equipment.
  • Contamination and Spread: PFAS can contaminate firefighters’ skin and clothing, potentially spreading to their homes and families.

If you or a loved one has been exposed to PFAS through firefighting gear and has developed health issues, you may be eligible for compensation.

Contact TruLaw today using the chat feature on this page for a free case evaluation to determine if you qualify to file a PFAS firefighting gear lawsuit.

Table of Contents

Firefighter Turnout Gear Lawsuit Updates Timeline

February 1st, 2025: Over 450 New AFFF Lawsuits Filed, Total Reaches 8,000 Cases

Since the previous month, over 450 new lawsuits were filed in the AFFF multi-district litigation (MDL), starting February 2025 with now over 8,000 pending lawsuits.

This number is expected to increase as more firefighters and their families become aware of the AFFF litigation.

By mid-month, 3M, DuPont, and a number of other AFFF manufacturers were sued by Santa Clara County, California, which alleges that said companies are responsible for “contribut[ing] to a serious environmental and public health crisis” through the discharge produced by aqueous film-forming foam.

The county maintains that AFFF linked to the companies has polluted natural resources in the region, “including municipal drinking water supplies, as well as municipal groundwater, reservoirs and other surface waters, stormwater, wastewater, soils, and other properties and equipment.”

January 1st, 2025: AFFF MDL Reaches 7,633 Cases as Study Links PFAS to Neurological Damage

At the start of January, the AFFF firefighting foam MDL recorded a total of 7,633 pending cases, with 270 new cases having been added in December.

The total number of cases includes a number of firefighter turnout gear lawsuits.

A recent study sheds light on the neurological impact of PFAS compounds, offering valuable evidence for AFFF litigation.

Researchers examined six PFAS chemicals, showing their ability to disrupt gene expression tied to synaptic growth, neural function, and stress responses.

These findings link PFAS exposure to cognitive decline and memory impairment.

The study also revealed PFAS-induced lipid imbalances, which compromise neuronal integrity.

This new research provides a powerful tool to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms behind PFAS-related injuries, and juries can now refer to clear scientific evidence of the harm suffered by victims, such as firefighters and other exposed individuals.

December 1st, 2024: AFFF MDL at 7,370 Cases with First Trial Set for October 2025

At the start of the month, the Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) MDL, which includes a number of firefighter turnout gear lawsuits, recorded a total of 7,370 pending cases.

For Tier 2 Group A cases, fact discovery continues until December 16, 2024, and expert report exchanges and depositions are anticipated to conclude by May 14, 2025.

The first trial begins October 6, 2025, with Group A designations and motions due April 2025. Summary judgment and Daubert motions are expected by June 6, 2025.

For Group B cases, fact discovery remains open through March 17, 2025, as preparations continue for expert schedules related to thyroid and ulcerative colitis claims.

Negotiations on trial-ready cases remain ongoing.

November 4th, 2024: Judge Orders 15 Military Sites Selected for AFFF Contamination Assessment

U.S. District Judge Richard M. Gergel issued a significant order in the ongoing AFFF (aqueous film-forming foam) litigation.

Judge Gergel acknowledged the challenge of identifying specific AFFF products used at each military base implicated in the lawsuit.

In an effort to streamline the process, he instructed the parties to designate 15 representative sites out of the many military locations affected by PFAS contamination.

This group of sites will undergo detailed examination to ensure that a range of AFFF products linked to contamination is accounted for.

This approach aims to establish a comprehensive basis for assessing PFAS contamination and its health impacts on communities around military bases.

November 1st, 2024: 7 New AFFF Lawsuits Consolidated into Federal MDL

The AFFF federal multi-district litigation (MDL) continued to expand last month as 7 new lawsuits, originally filed in state courts, consolidated in federal court by October 29, 2024.

This development is attributed to an increased awareness of the health risks associated with PFAS chemicals in firefighting foam.

October 22nd, 2024: Navy Veteran Files AFFF Thyroid Cancer Lawsuit Against 3M, DuPont

A new lawsuit filed by a Texas plaintiff claims long-term exposure to PFAS in firefighting foam during a Navy career led to a thyroid cancer diagnosis and other severe health complications.

The case, part of the MDL, targets companies like 3M, Chemours, and DuPont for manufacturing PFAS-laden AFFF products that allegedly caused these harmful health impacts.

October 13th, 2024: Preparing for the First Bellwether Trials

In the journey toward the first personal injury bellwether trials, the court has issued a new case management order for the trial pool cases.

The order sets out the schedule for discovery, expert witness exchanges, and trial preparations, moving us closer to securing justice for our clients and potentially reaching a global settlement.

For Tier 2 Group A cases, both sides will continue fact-finding efforts until December 16, 2024, with specific guidelines to streamline discovery.

Following this, expert reports will be exchanged, with depositions wrapping up by May 14, 2025.

The first Group A trial is scheduled to begin on October 6, 2025.

In the coming months, parties will negotiate which Group A cases proceed to trial, with designations and motions due by April 2025.

Any summary judgment or Daubert motions must be filed by June 6, 2025, with responses following in July.

Fact discovery for Group B cases will continue through March 17, 2025, as we prepare expert schedules for thyroid and ulcerative colitis claims by December 2024.

October 7th, 2024: 320 New Cases Added to AFFF MDL, Total Reaches 9,896

After 320 new cases were added to the MDL in September, the total number of pending cases has risen to 9,896.

October 1st, 2024: AFFF Litigation Continues to See Major Developments

We continue to see significant developments in the AFFF litigation.

September 19th, 2024: North Carolina Firefighter Files AFFF Kidney Cancer Lawsuit

A North Carolina man filed a new lawsuit in the MDL, alleging that AFFF products containing PFAS caused him to develop kidney cancer.

The plaintiff, an Elizabethtown resident, claims exposure occurred during his firefighting training in Virginia.

He also alleges that these chemicals contaminated the local water supply, which he consumed for years.

The lawsuit names manufacturers such as 3M and DuPont, accusing them of negligence and fraudulent concealment regarding the risks of PFAS.

He seeks compensatory and punitive damages for his injuries and related expenses.

September 11th, 2024: Court Streamlines Deposition Process for AFFF Bellwether Trials

This week, the court issued a new case management order to streamline depositions for the upcoming Tier Two Personal Injury Bellwether Trials.

The order addresses that not all potential witnesses had undergone depositions during the fact discovery phase.

If either side adds a previously undeposed witness to their trial list, the opposing side can request a deposition within 14 days of receiving that list.

September 9th, 2024: First Telomer Water Provider AFFF Trial Set for March 2025

The first Telomer Water Provider lawsuit is set to begin on March 3, 2025.

These cases, unique due to their production through telomerization, have garnered significant attention, especially as they were excluded from last year’s major settlement involving 3M.

Their outcomes may influence resources and focus on individual firefighter cancer claims, likely through a settlement once resolved.

September 1st, 2024: Over 500 New AFFF Cases Added in August, Total Hits 9,576

The AFFF class action MDL experienced a significant increase in cases, adding over 500 new claims in August after a decline in July.

The total number of pending cases now stands at 9,576, indicating ongoing challenges for those involved in the litigation.

August 6th, 2024: Wrongful Death Lawsuit Filed for Firefighter Who Died at 35

A new lawsuit, Zub v. 3M Company et al., has been filed in connection with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) exposure.

The plaintiff, seeking justice for her late husband, has initiated a wrongful death and survival action.

Her husband, a firefighter and hazardous materials technician in Union County, New Jersey, was regularly exposed to AFFF during his career.

The lawsuit alleges that his prolonged exposure to PFAS-containing AFFF led to the development of kidney cancer, ultimately causing his death at the age of 35.

The plaintiff contends that the defendants knowingly designed, manufactured, and distributed AFFF products with PFAS without providing adequate warnings or safety instructions.

Furthermore, the suit claims that the defendants were aware of the hazardous nature of PFAS but chose to conceal this information, preventing her husband and others from recognizing the risks involved.

These allegations highlight the defendants’ fraudulent concealment and negligence.

August 5th, 2024: AFFF Case Count Drops to 9,198 Following Water Contamination Settlements

From July to August 2024, there was a notable decrease in the number of active cases in the Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Products Liability Litigation.

The active lawsuits dropped from 9,525 in July to 9,198 in August, marking a reduction of 327 cases.

This decline is largely due to settlements in water contamination lawsuits, which positively impacts the ongoing personal injury lawsuits related to AFFF.

As these cases continue to be resolved, it sets a promising precedent for future claims.

August 1st, 2024: Tyco Reaches Insurance Settlement as AFFF Cases Show Dismissal Surge

Tyco Fire Products has reached a preliminary settlement with major insurers, including AIG Insurers, concerning insurance coverage for PFAS contamination liabilities from firefighting foam.

This agreement, outlined in a binding term sheet, will soon be formalized in a written agreement.

Upon finalization, Tyco will dismiss AIG from the litigation with prejudice.

This settlement is advantageous for victims of PFAS contamination as it strengthens Tyco’s ability to meet financial obligations in a $750 million settlement with drinking water systems.

This bolsters Tyco’s position to make significant contributions to a global AFFF firefighting foam settlement in the future.

The docket in the AFFF class action MDL has recently seen a surge in voluntary dismissal notices.

Typically, a notice of voluntary dismissal indicates that the case has been settled, although specifics remain confidential at this stage.

This trend suggests that numerous cases are being resolved, which could be a positive sign for ongoing litigation efforts.

July 25th, 2024: Judge Selects 9 AFFF Cases for Bellwether Trials

In a significant development on July 22, 2024, Judge Gergel advanced the AFFF litigation by selecting nine cases proposed by the plaintiffs to proceed as bellwether trials.

These cases involve Pennsylvania residents with kidney or testicular cancer and Colorado residents with thyroid cancer or ulcerative colitis, all allegedly linked to exposure to aqueous film forming foam.

The court’s decision largely aligned with the plaintiffs’ proposal outlined in the update from July 17, 2024, which aimed to streamline the litigation process and focus on specific types of cases to expedite proceedings.

The defendants had presented a different set of cases, arguing for a broader representation based on gender, age, and exposure period.

However, the court favored the plaintiffs’ approach, signaling a positive development for the claimants.

July 17th, 2024: Plaintiffs Propose Streamlined Strategy for AFFF Case Selection

In a strategic move to streamline the AFFF lawsuits and alleviate the burden on the court and involved parties, attorneys representing the victims have recommended focusing on specific types of cases.

By selecting kidney and testicular cancer cases from Pennsylvania and thyroid disease and ulcerative colitis cases from Colorado, the aim is to reduce the number of necessary depositions, expert reports, and evidence, thus expediting the legal process.

This proactive strategy seeks to secure multiple trial dates to advance the resolution of these cases efficiently, despite potential opposition from the defendants who may seek to delay trial proceedings.

July 11th, 2024: Georgia Navy Veteran Firefighter Files AFFF Kidney Cancer Lawsuit

A recent AFFF lawsuit was filed on July 11, 2024, on behalf of a former Georgia firefighter diagnosed with kidney cancer.

The plaintiff, a Navy veteran who served at Memphis Naval Station, alleges that his exposure to PFAS-containing materials during firefighting activities led to his cancer diagnosis.

This case underscores the ongoing impact of PFAS exposure on individuals involved in firefighting operations.

July 9th, 2024: Air Force Allocates $8.55M to Replace AFFF with Fluorine-Free Formula

In a proactive step towards eliminating PFAS in firefighting activities, the Department of the Air Force has initiated the replacement of AFFF stocks with a new fluorine-free formulation (F3).

This transition, part of a broader Defense Department effort, aims to reduce the environmental and health risks associated with PFAS exposure.

The allocation of $8.55 million for the purchase of F3 signifies a commitment to safeguarding personnel and the environment from harmful chemicals.

July 1st, 2024: Active AFFF Lawsuits Rise from 8,270 to 9,198 Cases

The number of active AFFF lawsuits has shown a notable increase, reflecting growing concerns over the health effects of PFAS exposure.

With the total count rising from 8,270 to 9,198, individuals across various locations continue to seek legal recourse for alleged injuries linked to AFFF exposure.

These cases highlight the urgency of addressing the impact of PFAS-containing materials on public health and safety.

June 23rd, 2024: Alabama Firefighter Files AFFF Leukemia Lawsuit

In a recent development, a new lawsuit was filed on Friday within the MDL on behalf of an Alabama man who worked as a career firefighter and was routinely exposed to AFFF.

Allegedly, as a consequence of this exposure, the Plaintiff was diagnosed with leukemia.

June 3rd, 2024: 250+ New AFFF Cases Added in May, Total Reaches 8,270

During the month of May, over 250 new cases were added to the AFFF firefighting foam class action MDL, slightly fewer than the previous month.

The total number of cases pending in the MDL has now reached 8,270.

June 1st, 2024: Study Reveals PFAS Skin Absorption Patterns in Firefighting Foam

Researchers conducted a study using in vitro 3D human skin equivalent models to analyze the absorption of 17 different PFAS when applied to the skin.

They discovered that shorter-chain PFAS exhibited higher absorption rates, while absorption decreased as the carbon chain length of the compounds increased.

Importantly, although longer-chain PFAS were not directly absorbed into the skin, a significant amount of these chemicals was retained within the skin tissue, with the potential for gradual release into the body over time.

The study also emphasized the impact of physicochemical properties on the dermal permeation of PFAS, revealing a clear inverse correlation between the lipophilicity of the substances and their absorption through the skin.

For experts representing plaintiffs in AFFF firefighting foam lawsuits, this study offers a valuable new resource.

The thorough examination of PFAS absorption through the skin validates the notion that dermal exposure to these chemicals can substantially contribute to the body’s PFAS burden.

This finding holds particular significance in cases involving individuals exposed to firefighting foams containing PFAS.

It establishes a scientifically supported pathway of exposure that directly links PFAS-containing products to the various health issues experienced by firefighters.

Such evidence further bolsters claims that manufacturers such as 3M should have been aware of and warned against the risks associated with dermal exposure to PFAS.

May 7th, 2024: Parties Establish Process for AFFF Bellwether Trial Selection

Following CMO 26C, both parties have devised a process for selecting plaintiffs for initial personal injury and wrongful death bellwether trials.

A rough outline of procedures and schedules has been established for managing two groups of plaintiffs alleging kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, and ulcerative colitis.

This structured approach aims to streamline discovery, expert testimony, motion practice, and trial preparations for these groups.

May 6th, 2024: Deadline Passes for AFFF Tier 2 Bellwether Proposals

Today marked the deadline for AFFF foam lawyers on both sides to submit their proposals for a Case Management Order concerning Tier 2 Personal Injury Bellwether proceedings.

This deadline followed two extensions and has generated anticipation among many as to which diseases will be included in Tier 2.

May 1st, 2024: 323 New AFFF Cases Added in April, Total Surpasses 8,000

The AFFF firefighting foam class action MDL has seen consistent growth, with 323 new AFFF cases added during April.

While this is a decrease from the 568 new cases added in March, it signifies a notable expansion, bringing the total number of pending cases in the MDL to over 8,000.

Our team remains committed to navigating this evolving landscape to advocate for our clients effectively.

April 10th, 2024: Parties Request Extension for AFFF Case Management Order

Lawyers representing both sides in the AFFF litigation have submitted a joint motion requesting a brief extension for the submission of a proposed Case Management Order concerning Tier 2 Personal Injury Bellwether proceedings.

This motion seeks an additional fifteen days, setting a new deadline of April 24, 2024.

The extension is pursued to foster negotiation and potential consensus on the terms outlined within the proposed order, without altering existing deadlines in the litigation timeline.

April 9th, 2024: AIG Insurance Groups Dispute AFFF Coverage in Arbitration Battle

A dispute involving AIG insurance groups, Lexington Insurance, National Union Fire Insurance, and Century Indemnity Co. regarding coverage for Kidde-Fenwal Inc. (KFI) lawsuits has emerged.

The AIG groups argue for arbitration concerning a “pollution exclusion” in their contract, while Century Indemnity contends that the lawsuits fall outside the insurance coverage period.

KFI, navigating Chapter 11 bankruptcy, asserts that the matter should be resolved in bankruptcy court rather than through arbitration.

April 4th, 2024: Joint Motion Filed to Streamline AFFF Personal Injury Cases

A joint motion filed in the firefighting foam lawsuit aims to streamline the management of individual personal injury cases not covered under Case Management Order (CMO) 26.

It seeks to identify diseases linked to AFFF exposure, organize a Science Day for expert presentations, discuss bellwether case selection, and outline Daubert and dispositive motions plans.

Additionally, the motion imposes specific requirements on Plaintiffs asserting claims not covered by previous CMOs.

April 3rd, 2024: Massachusetts Judge Rules for Firefighters Union Against NFPA

In non-MDL AFFF news, a Massachusetts judge has ruled in favor of the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) ‘s lawsuit against the National Fire Protection Association Inc. (NFPA).

The lawsuit alleges unfair or deceptive practices and negligence in NFPA’s fire safety standards requiring the use of carcinogenic chemicals.

April 1st, 2024: 568 New AFFF Cases Mark Highest Monthly Volume in Over a Year

Last month saw a notable surge in the AFFF firefighting foam class action MDL, with 568 new cases added, marking the highest monthly volume in over a year.

The total pending cases in the MDL now stand at 7,738.

March 21st, 2024: Case Management Order #28 Sets Stage for AFFF Science Day

Case Management Order #28 sparks progress by outlining steps for exchanging scientific studies on AFFF diseases beyond water contamination suits, leading to the crucial AFFF Science Day.

This event educates the MDL judge on scientific nuances, aiding informed decision-making.

Bellwether case selection follows, with proposals due 60 days post-Science Day.

March 19th, 2024: AFFF Litigation Shifts Focus to Personal Injury Claims

Spring 2024 marks a shift towards personal injury claims in AFFF litigation.

Testicular and kidney cancers emerge as primary concerns, expected to drive significant settlement claims.

Explore our videos for insights on these key cases and anticipated settlements.

March 6th, 2024: Turnout Gear PFAS Claims Gain Prominence in AFFF Litigation

Turnout gear PFAS claims gain prominence in AFFF litigation discussions.

Allegations center on health issues stemming from exposure to PFAS in firefighter protective gear.

Case Management Order No. 5F introduces structured procedures for managing Plaintiff Fact Sheets specific to turnout gear claims.

March 1st, 2024: 176 New AFFF Cases Added, Total Count Exceeds 7,000

Despite a prior settlement addressing water contamination cases, AFFF litigation remains robust.

Adding 176 new cases last month brings the total count to over 7,000, underscoring ongoing momentum in our pursuit of justice.

February 5th, 2024: Judge Praises 3M's $10.5 Billion Water System Settlement Proposal

The federal judge overseeing the case praised 3M Co.’s proposal to settle with public water systems for over $10.5 billion, addressing PFAS contamination concerns for approximately 12,000 public water systems.

This settlement proposal could impact negotiations in AFFF lawsuits, where concerns about 3M’s potential bankruptcy due to PFAS claims loom large.

February 2nd, 2024: 279 New AFFF Cases Added in January, Total Reaches 6,994

In January, 279 new cases were added to the AFFF firefighting foam class action MDL, bringing the total pending cases to 6,994.

Attorneys handling AFFF cases are expediting filings to strengthen their position for potential settlements.

January 4th, 2024: Discovery Dispute Deadline Extended to January 31st

The MDL judge has approved a joint motion to extend the deadline for parties to engage in discussions regarding an ongoing discovery dispute and a motion to compel.

The new deadline for these discussions has been extended to January 31st.

December 12th, 2023: 25-Plaintiff Bellwether Discovery Pool Formalized

In a recent development, AFFF lawyers have jointly filed a motion this morning, formalizing the Initial Personal Injury Bellwether Discovery Pool.

This pool comprises twenty-five plaintiffs, with a breakdown of five individuals claiming kidney cancer, eight alleging testicular cancer, eight with claims of hypothyroidism/thyroid disease, and four asserting cases of ulcerative colitis.

This procedural move is a crucial step in advancing AFFF personal injury and wrongful death trials through a bellwether discovery process.

Of significance is the agreement among the parties to waive their Lexecon rights.

December 6th, 2023: Judge Reviews AFFF Claims Beyond Four Specified Conditions

Judge Gergel is scrutinizing the existing AFFF lawsuits to understand the trajectory of the litigation and the extent of cancers linked to firefighting foam.

In the AFFF class action, personal injury and wrongful death claims go beyond the court’s current review of four conditions.

These include kidney cancer, testicular cancer, hypothyroidism, and ulcerative colitis.

To evaluate the validity of additional cases, Judge Gergel has mandated actions in the next 60 days.

These include cataloging cases with diseases beyond the specified four, submitting relevant scientific studies, and organizing a ‘science day’ for experts to discuss the links between other diseases and exposure to AFFF-contaminated water.

December 1st, 2023: Case Management Order 26B Streamlines Path to Trial

Case Management Order #CMO 26B was issued in the AFFF firefighting foam MDL, streamlining the path to trial and a potential global settlement.

The order focuses on selecting plaintiffs for the “Initial Personal Injury Bellwether Discovery Pool,” essential for understanding similar cases.

By December 11, 2023, parties must submit a list, including lawyers, defendants, Lexecon waivers, injury details, and legal references.

The court will choose 28 plaintiffs for the pool, initiating Tier 1 Discovery.

AFFF lawyers will discuss discovery procedures and report back to the court next week, marking a significant step in the litigation process.

November 17th, 2023: 351 New AFFF Cases Added, Total Reaches 6,400

In the past month, 351 new cases have been added to the AFFF firefighting foam class action MDL, bringing the total number of pending cases to 6,400.

Approximately half of these cases involve municipal water contamination claims that have been settled.

The remaining cases consist of personal injury claims filed by individuals.

November 1st, 2023: Bellwether Discovery Pool Selection Process Begins

This month marks the selection of cases to be included in the bellwether discovery pool.

Per Case Management Order 26A from last month, the parties have until November 14, 2023, to share their lists of proposed plaintiffs for potential inclusion as bellwether candidates.

These selected plaintiffs will then undergo case-specific fact discovery, leading to the eventual choice of a few for the actual personal injury bellwether trials.

October 24th, 2023: Study Links PFOS to 56% Higher Thyroid Cancer Risk

A recent study in eBioMedicine reveals a significant association between elevated levels of a specific PFAS, linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and an increased risk of thyroid cancer.

The research reports a 56% higher likelihood of thyroid cancer diagnosis in individuals with higher linear PFOS concentrations.

October 4th, 2023: Eau Claire, Wisconsin Sues PFAS Manufacturers Over Well Contamination

The City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin has filed a lawsuit against PFAS manufacturers, alleging the presence of these chemicals in the city’s well fields and well water, which residents rely on for drinking water.

The lawsuit is now transitioning to federal court.

Due to PFAS contamination, the city has had to close nearly half of its wells and anticipates over $20 million in repair costs.

September 18th, 2023: Four Water Utility Bellwether Cases Selected Across Multiple States

Judge Gergel recently communicated that the forthcoming bellwether cases will originate from four water utility lawsuits originating in towns across New Jersey, New York, California, and South Dakota.

As claims against DuPont, 3M, and Chemours are temporarily suspended awaiting settlement approval, the lawyers representing the plaintiffs will shift their primary attention to unresolved cases involving companies such as Tyco, Daikin, and ACG Chemicals.

September 8th, 2023: Telomer AFFF Trial Scheduled for August 2024

Telomer-based AFFF (Aqueous Film-Forming Foam) is a firefighting foam believed to have lower levels of PFAS chemicals.

Due to this difference, the water contamination cases linked to Telomer AFFF were not part of the recent global settlement involving water providers.

The initial Telomer bellwether trial is scheduled for August 2024.

It raises the question of how, if at all, this trial might affect the timeline for the individual cancer cases within the AFFF MDL.

September 1st, 2023: EPA Emphasizes Immediate Health Concerns from PFAS Exposure

Plaintiffs’ lawyers recently submitted a letter to the judge containing information about an EPA Press Release.

The release emphasized the immediate health concerns related to PFAS chemicals, which are often referred to as “forever chemicals.”

The EPA’s Assistant Administrator for Water, Radhika Fox, highlighted the substantial health risks associated with prolonged exposure to PFAS, including PFOA and PFOS, which the EPA considers potential carcinogens with no established safe consumption levels.

August 19th, 2023: Nearly 1,000 New AFFF Cases Added, Total Reaches 5,614

Nearly 1,000 fresh cases have been incorporated into the AFFF firefighting foam class action MDL over the past two months.

Consequently, the total count of plaintiffs within the AFFF MDL has surged to 5,614.

It’s worth noting that a substantial portion of these cases pertains to water contamination and has already been effectively addressed through a recent comprehensive global settlement.

August 15th, 2023: New Hampshire Designates All Firefighter Cancers as Occupational Disease

A recent law enacted in New Hampshire designates all forms of cancer among firefighters as a presumptive occupational disease, making it easier for them to access workers’ compensation.

The law, signed by Governor Chris Sununu, addresses concerns about the occupational hazards firefighters face, including exposure to harmful chemicals and the stressful nature of their profession, with the aim of providing better support and protection for firefighters facing cancer diagnoses.

August 1st, 2023: Daughter Replaces Deceased Plaintiff in AFFF Wrongful Death Case

Judge Gergel approved an unopposed motion to replace the plaintiff in a wrongful death lawsuit after the original Alabama plaintiff passed away.

The deceased plaintiff’s daughter has now stepped in as the new plaintiff.

July 17th, 2023: 493 New Cases Mark Highest Monthly Volume Since AFFF MDL Inception

Over the past month, 493 new cases were transferred into the AFFF class action MDL, representing the highest monthly volume since the litigation’s inception.

This surge follows the recent announcement of a global settlement for water contamination cases.

Currently, there are more than 5,000 pending cases in the MDL; however, the breakdown between water contamination cases and cancer cases is unclear.

July 1st, 2023: Tennessee Joins 20 States in Suing PFAS Manufacturers

Tennessee has joined approximately 20 other states in suing manufacturers of PFAS, commonly known as “forever chemicals.”

The state alleges that these companies were aware of the detrimental effects of their actions and products on Tennessee’s population and natural surroundings.

June 18th, 2023: NIST Study Confirms PFAS Present in Firefighter Turnout Gear

A recent study by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has confirmed that “forever chemicals” known as PFAS, some of which are linked to cancer, are present in the textiles commonly used in firefighters’ turnout gear.

In a study analyzing 20 gear samples, researchers identified between 1 and 17 types of PFAS in each sample, amounting to a total of 53 types.

They found the outer layers of the turnout gear continued the highest concentrations of PFAS, while the lowest amount could be fond in the layer closest to the firefighter.

May 12th, 2023: First AFFF Bellwether Trial Features City of Stuart v. 3M Co.

The first test trial in the firefighting foam class action MDL features the City of Stuart v. 3M Co., et al.

The city alleges PFAS contamination of its water supply from the defendants’ firefighting foam products.

The trial will address complex scientific evidence and could have significant implications for the litigation.

May 9th, 2023: Defense Files Final Trial Exhibits Ahead of Bellwether Trial

The defense files its final list of trial exhibits, trial brief, and deposition designations ahead of the upcoming bellwether trial.

The court denies a defense motion for summary judgment, ensuring the jury will decide the majority of plaintiffs’ claims.

May 7th, 2023: Hearing Scheduled for Trial Exhibit Disputes

A hearing is scheduled to address objections and disputes related to trial exhibits in the first bellwether lawsuit of the firefighting foam class action MDL.

May 2nd, 2023: NIST Research Reveals PFAS in Firefighting Equipment Textiles

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) publishes research revealing the presence of PFAS in firefighting equipment textiles, highlighting potential health risks and providing valuable data for the development of safer gear.

May 1st, 2023: Judge Orders Deposition Parts and Evidence List for Trial

The judge orders the parties to submit selected deposition parts and a list of evidence for the upcoming trial.

April 1st, 2023: AFFF Cases Continue with Goal of Removing Cancer-Causing Products

Cases for the firefighting foam class action lawsuit are still ongoing.

The intent is to remove the cancer causing products in protective firefighter gear permanently.

Lawyers are currently preparing for the first trials related to this case.

March 19th, 2023: Firefighters Union Sues NFPA Over PFAS Requirements

The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) filed a lawsuit against the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in Massachusetts state court, accusing them of requiring the use of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in firefighter protective gear.

The lawsuit alleges that the NFPA could have used other materials to protect firefighters from exposure to toxic chemicals but chose to use PFAS, which have been linked to severe health effects, including cancer.

The IAFF is seeking to hold the NFPA liable for not removing the dangerous test from its standard.

March 16th, 2023: 354 New AFFF Cases Added, Total Reaches 4,058

The firefighting foam class action MDL saw 354 new cases, bringing the total number of pending cases to 4,058.

The increase in filings could be due to lawyers anticipating a settlement and trying to get cases filed before it happens.

March 7th, 2023: Marine Corps Firefighter Files AFFF Prostate Cancer Lawsuit

A new AFFF firefighter lawsuit was filed in accordance with Case Management Order No. 3, issued by Judge Richard M. Gergel in South Carolina, which houses all federal AFFF suits.

The plaintiff, a former firefighter in the US Marine Corps, alleges that exposure to fluorochemical products led to his diagnosis of prostate cancer and subsequent prostatectomy.

His AFFF lawsuit asks that the case be transferred to the Southern District of Texas because the events or omissions leading to the claim occurred in Texas.

Investigating the Health Risks of PFAS Exposure

PFAS, or per and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of man-made chemicals found in various firefighter gear.

Investigating the Health Risks of PFAS Exposure

These chemicals are known for repelling water and resisting stains, making them a common component in protective clothing.

However, their persistence in the environment and human body raises serious health concerns.

What is PFAS? Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Explained

PFAS are a large family of synthetic chemicals used in many industrial and consumer products, including firefighter gear.

These substances provide the necessary water repellency and durability required for effective firefighting.

PFAS are highly resistant to breaking down despite their functional benefits, leading to their nickname, forever chemicals.

PFAS in firefighter gear is concerning for reasons that include, but are not limited to:

  • Their classification as PFAS chemicals
  • Their role as poly-fluoroalkyl substances

The widespread use of PFAS compounds in firefighting gear highlights the need to thoroughly understand and scrutinize their long-term environmental and health impacts.

Health Risks of PFAS Exposure in Firefighter Gear

The health risks associated with PFAS exposure are significant, particularly for firefighters who experience higher levels of exposure than the general population.

Studies have linked PFAS to a range of adverse health effects, including thyroid disease, liver damage, and various forms of cancer.

Firefighters’ frequent contact with PFAS-treated gear increases their risk of developing these health issues.

Health risks from PFAS exposure in firefighter gear include, but are not limited to:

  • Increased risk of thyroid disease and liver damage
  • Potential links to occupational cancer
  • Broader health effects observed in the general population

Given these risks, it is crucial to address the presence of PFAS in firefighting gear and explore safer alternatives to protect firefighters’ health and safety.

Historical Use and Importance of Firefighter Gear

Firefighter gear, or turnout gear, has evolved to provide maximum protection against fire, heat, and hazardous chemicals.

Including PFAS in this gear has been crucial for ensuring water repellency and durability, especially in high humidity and harsh conditions.

Despite these benefits, the long-term health implications of PFAS exposure are now raising significant concerns.

The historical importance of PFAS in firefighter gear stems from factors that include, but are not limited to:

  • Their role in turnout gear
  • Their use in various firefighter gear
  • Enhancing protective gear and equipment

Understanding the evolution of firefighter gear highlights the balance between protective benefits and health risks.

The ongoing debate over PFAS use reflects the need for safer alternatives to protect firefighters from the immediate dangers of their work and the long-term health risks associated with PFAS exposure.

Why PFAS in Turnout Gear is a Growing Concern

The presence of PFAS in turnout gear is a growing concern due to the heightened awareness of their potential health risks.

Why PFAS in Turnout Gear is a Growing Concern

These chemicals, essential for firefighter gear’s water and stain-resistant properties, are now recognized for their persistent and bioaccumulative nature, raising alarms within the firefighting community.

Media Coverage and Public Awareness of PFAS Risks

Media coverage has significantly increased public awareness of the dangers of PFAS, also known as forever chemicals.

High-profile reports and studies have shed light on the extensive use of PFAS in firefighting gear and the associated health risks.

This increased scrutiny has led to a demand for greater transparency and accountability from manufacturers and regulatory bodies.

Public awareness of PFAS risks is growing due to factors that include, but are not limited to:

  • Extensive media coverage highlighting PFAS dangers
  • The identification of PFAS as forever chemicals
  • Studies showing their prevalence in firefighting gear

As the public becomes more informed, there is a stronger push for safer alternatives and stricter regulations on using PFAS in protective clothing.

Firefighter-Specific Concerns with PFAS Exposure

Firefighters face unique risks due to their frequent and prolonged exposure to PFAS in their protective gear.

The firefighting community has raised concerns about the health implications of these chemicals, particularly regarding occupational cancer and other serious health conditions.

Firefighters’ bodies absorb these potentially cancer-causing chemicals through their skin, especially during high-intensity situations involving heat and sweat.

Firefighter-specific concerns with PFAS exposure include, but are not limited to:

  • Increased risk of occupational cancer
  • Absorption of PFAS through the skin during firefighting activities
  • Persistent exposure due to the nature of their duties

The firefighting community actively advocates for research into PFAS-free alternatives and better protective measures to mitigate these risks.

This ongoing advocacy underscores the urgent need to address the presence of PFAS in firefighter gear and find safer solutions for these essential workers.

PFAS Exposure Pathways in Firefighter Protective Gear

Understanding the pathways of PFAS exposure in firefighter protective gear is crucial to mitigating risks.

PFAS Exposure Pathways in Firefighter Protective Gear

These chemicals, used extensively in firefighting gear, present multiple exposure points and significantly impact firefighters’ safety and health.

Primary Sources of PFAS in Firefighting Gear

PFAS exposure in firefighting gear occurs through various sources.

Turnout gear’s outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal layer are commonly treated with PFAS to enhance their water—and stain resistance.

This results in firefighters coming into direct contact with these chemicals during their daily routines.

Primary sources of PFAS in firefighting gear include, but are not limited to:

  • The outer shell is treated with PFAS for durability
  • The moisture barrier ensures water-repellency
  • The thermal layer nearest to the skin for heat protection

These layers collectively contribute to the overall effectiveness of firefighter protective clothing but also pose significant health risks due to PFAS content.

Key Studies on Measured PFAS Concentrations in Gear

Recent studies by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have illuminated the measured PFAS concentrations in firefighter gear.

These studies indicate high levels of PFAS in various components of protective clothing, raising serious concerns about prolonged exposure and health impacts.

Key findings from studies on measured PFAS concentrations include, but are not limited to:

  • High-measured PFAS concentrations in the outer shell and thermal layer
  • Significant levels of PFAS in the moisture barrier
  • Variations in PFAS levels depending on the age and wear of the gear

These findings underscore the urgent need for further research and the development of safer alternatives to PFAS in firefighter gear.

Current State of PFAS in Firefighting Protective Clothing

The current state of PFAS in firefighter protective clothing reveals widespread use and significant health risks.

Current State of PFAS in Firefighting Protective Clothing

Despite growing concerns, PFAS remains integral to the design of turnout gear, posing challenges for regulatory bodies and the firefighting community.

Analysis of PFAS Levels in Firefighting Turnout Gear

Detailed analysis shows that PFAS levels in firefighter turnout gear are alarmingly high.

This gear’s outer shells, thermal layers, and moisture barriers contain substantial amounts of PFAS.

This has led to increasing scrutiny from health experts and regulatory bodies.

Analysis highlights of PFAS levels in turnout gear include, but are not limited to:

  • High PFAS concentrations in the outer shells
  • Persistent PFAS presence in the thermal layers
  • Significant PFAS content in the moisture barriers

These findings highlight the need for stringent monitoring and regulation of PFAS in firefighter protective clothing.

NIST Studies on PFAS in Protective Equipment

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has extensively studied PFAS in protective equipment.

These studies, led by researchers such as co-author John Kucklick, have identified significant PFAS contamination in various components of firefighter gear.

NIST studies on PFAS in protective equipment reveal findings that include, but are not limited to:

  • Comprehensive analysis of PFAS levels in different gear layers
  • Findings of significant PFAS contamination in commonly used protective equipment
  • Recommendations for reducing PFAS exposure in firefighter gear

NIST’s research emphasizes the critical need for regulatory action and the development of safer alternatives to PFAS in protective clothing.

Health Impacts of PFAS on Firefighters

The health impacts of PFAS on firefighters are profound and concerning.

Health Impacts of PFAS on Firefighters

Prolonged exposure to PFAS chemicals through firefighter gear has been linked to various serious health conditions, making it a critical issue for the firefighting community.

Potentially Cancer-Causing Chemicals and Other Health Effects

PFAS are recognized as potentially cancer-causing chemicals, with numerous studies linking them to different types of cancer.

Beyond cancer, PFAS exposure is associated with other significant health issues, such as thyroid disease and liver damage.

These health risks are particularly acute for firefighters due to frequent and prolonged contact with PFAS-treated gear.

Health impacts of PFAS include, but are not limited to:

  • Increased risk of occupational cancer among firefighters
  • Higher incidence of thyroid disease and liver damage
  • Broad health effects observed in both firefighters and the general population

Addressing these health impacts requires urgent action to reduce PFAS in firefighter gear and enhance protective measures.

Firefighters’ Increased Exposure and Occupational Cancer Risks

Firefighters experience increased PFAS exposure due to the nature of their duties and the design of their protective gear.

This exposure significantly raises their risk of developing occupational cancer and other serious health conditions.

Firefighters’ bodies absorb these chemicals through their skin, especially during high-intensity activities involving heat and sweat.

Increased PFAS exposure in firefighters leads to risks that include, but are not limited to:

  • Elevated risk of occupational cancer
  • Absorption of PFAS through firefighters’ skin during firefighting activities
  • Persistent exposure due to the nature of their work

The firefighting community’s advocacy for safer alternatives and better protective measures is crucial to mitigating these risks and ensuring firefighters’ long-term health and safety.

Challenges in Eliminating PFAS in Firefighting Gear

Eliminating PFAS from firefighter gear poses significant challenges due to their widespread use and the essential properties they provide.

Challenges in Eliminating PFAS in Firefighting Gear

Despite the health risks, transitioning to PFAS-free turnout gear involves overcoming various barriers related to functionality, safety standards, and industry practices.

Barriers to Achieving PFAS-Free Turnout Gear

Eliminating PFAS from firefighter gear poses significant challenges due to their widespread use and the essential properties they provide.

Despite the health risks, transitioning to PFAS-free turnout gear involves overcoming various barriers related to functionality, safety standards, and industry practices.

Key barriers to achieving PFAS-free turnout gear include, but are not limited to:

  • Dependence on PFAS for water repellency and durability
  • Lack of extensive data on alternative materials
  • The challenge of maintaining safety standards without PFAS

Addressing these barriers requires innovative research and collaboration between manufacturers, regulatory bodies, and the firefighting community to develop and implement safer alternatives.

Corporate Interests and Regulatory Hurdles

Corporate interests and regulatory hurdles significantly impact the efforts to eliminate PFAS from firefighter gear.

Manufacturers have historically relied on PFAS due to their cost-effectiveness and functional benefits.

This economic dependency creates resistance to change, compounded by regulatory frameworks that have yet to fully address the complexities of PFAS use and its health implications.

Corporate interests and regulatory challenges include, but are not limited to:

  • Economic reliance on PFAS by gear manufacturers
  • Inadequate regulatory measures addressing PFAS in protective gear
  • Resistance to adopting alternative materials due to cost and effectiveness concerns

Overcoming these hurdles necessitates stricter regulations, increased funding for research into alternatives, and a concerted effort to prioritize firefighter health and safety over economic interests.

Exploring PFAS-Free Alternatives for Firefighting Gear

Exploring PFAS-free alternatives is essential for mitigating the health risks associated with PFAS in firefighter gear.

Exploring PFAS-Free Alternatives for Firefighting Gear

Innovations and research pave the way for safer and more sustainable options, ensuring firefighters can perform their duties without compromising their health.

Best Practices for PFAS-Free Firefighting Gear

Best practices for developing PFAS-free firefighter gear focus on using materials that provide similar protective qualities without the associated health risks.

Researchers are investigating new textiles and coatings that can replace PFAS while maintaining durability and water repellency.

Educating firefighters on handling and maintaining PFAS-free gear is paramount to ensure its effectiveness and longevity.

Best practices for PFAS-free firefighting gear involve steps that include, but are not limited to:

  • Identifying and testing new materials to replace PFAS
  • Ensuring alternative materials meet safety and durability standards
  • Educating firefighters on proper maintenance of PFAS-free gear

Implementing these best practices requires collaboration between researchers, gear manufacturers, and the firefighting community to ensure the successful adoption of PFAS-free alternatives.

Innovations and Research in PFAS-Free Protective Clothing

The urgent need for safer alternatives drives innovations in PFAS-free protective clothing.

Research is focused on developing new coatings and fabrics that offer the same protective properties without the harmful effects of PFAS.

Organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are at the forefront of this research, providing valuable insights and recommendations for safer gear.

Innovations and research in PFAS-free protective clothing include efforts that include, but are not limited to:

  • Developing new water-repellent coatings without PFAS
  • Testing the effectiveness and safety of alternative materials
  • Conducting extensive research to ensure long-term safety and functionality

The progress in this field is promising, highlighting the potential for widespread adoption of PFAS-free alternatives in firefighter protective clothing.

Strategies to Reduce PFAS in Firefighting Gear

Mitigation strategies for PFAS exposure in firefighter gear are crucial to protect the health of firefighters.

Strategies to Reduce PFAS in Firefighting Gear

These strategies include educating firefighters on the risks, implementing best practices for handling and cleaning gear, and advocating for safer alternatives.

Educating Firefighters on PFAS Risks and Safety Measures

Educating firefighters on the risks associated with PFAS and the importance of safety measures is vital.

Awareness campaigns and training sessions can help firefighters understand the health implications of PFAS exposure and adopt practices that minimize their risk.

This includes proper use and maintenance of gear and recognizing the importance of transitioning to PFAS-free alternatives.

Educating firefighters on PFAS risks involves strategies that include, but are not limited to:

  • Conducting awareness campaigns on the health impacts of PFAS
  • Training on proper use and maintenance of protective gear
  • Promoting the benefits of PFAS-free alternatives

Effective education and training can significantly reduce PFAS exposure and enhance firefighters’ overall safety and health.

Handling and Cleaning Gear to Reduce PFAS in Firefighting Gear

Properly handling and cleaning of firefighter gear are essential to reduce PFAS exposure.

Firefighters should be trained on best practices for decontaminating their gear to minimize the transfer of PFAS to their skin and environment.

This includes regular cleaning protocols and specialized cleaning agents designed to remove PFAS residues effectively.

Reducing PFAS exposure through handling and cleaning involves practices that include, but are not limited to:

  • Implementing regular cleaning protocols for firefighter gear
  • Using specialized cleaning agents to remove PFAS residues
  • Training firefighters on decontamination procedures

By adopting these practices, firefighters can significantly lower their risk of PFAS exposure and maintain a safer working environment.

Future Directions and Initiatives on Removing PFAS in Firefighting Gear

Future directions and initiatives for PFAS focus on research, advocacy, and implementing safer alternatives in firefighter gear.

Future Directions and Initiatives on Removing PFAS in Firefighting Gear

These efforts aim to reduce the health risks associated with PFAS exposure and ensure the safety and well-being of firefighters.

Advocacy and Research on PFAS-Free Gear

Advocacy and research play a crucial role in promoting PFAS-free gear.

Organizations like the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) advocate for stricter regulations and increased funding for research into safer alternatives.

Research initiatives by institutions like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are critical in developing and validating new materials that can replace PFAS in firefighter protective clothing.

Advocacy and research efforts include initiatives that include, but are not limited to:

  • IAFF’s advocacy for stricter PFAS regulations
  • NIST’s research into PFAS-free alternatives
  • Increased funding for developing safer firefighter gear

These initiatives are essential for transitioning to PFAS-free gear and ensuring firefighters’ long-term health and safety.

Firefighter Turnout Gear Lawsuit Frequently Asked Questions

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With over 25 years of legal experience, Jessica Paluch-Hoerman is an Illinois lawyer, a CPA, and a mother of three.  She spent the first decade of her career working as an international tax attorney at Deloitte.

In 2009, Jessie co-founded her own law firm with her husband – which has scaled to over 30 employees since its conception.

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